Syrians living under IS rule often refer to it as “al-tanzeem,” Arabic for “the organization. After the IS group’s bitter falling out with al-Qaida in 2013, al-Qaida supporters began referring to it as “al-Baghdadi’s group,” emphasizing their view of him as a renegade. The IS-IS (Intermediate System - Intermediate System) protocol is one of a family of IP Routing protocols, and is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) for the Internet, used to distribute IP routing information throughout a single Autonomous System (AS) in an IP network. But Arabic speakers have found other ways to put down the group. IS itself bans the use of the term Daesh in areas it controls. Dawaesh, a plural form of the word that sounds even sillier in Arabic, is widely used in the Middle East. Secretary of State John Kerry, have used to condemn or diminish the group. The IS group’s opponents, including public officials like French President Francois Hollande and U.S. It is also close to the words “dahesh” and “da’es,” meaning “one who tramples,” making it fodder for puns. Mainly in the Middle East but increasingly beyond, those opposed to the group turned the Arabic acronym corresponding to ISIS into a single word - “Daesh.” The word is nonsensical and doesn’t mean anything in Arabic but has a mocking tone and is insulting to IS because it diminishes its claim to have revived the Islamic caliphate. In English, the group’s name was translated variously as the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (also ISIS), or the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the term usually used by the U.S. 'But every day we have troops on the ground, these troops and innocent. It is most often translated as either Syria - in the sense of a greater Syria that no longer exists - or as the Levant, the closest English term for the territory it describes. 'ISIS-K is a sworn enemy of the Taleban, and they have a history of fighting one another,' Mr Biden said on Sunday (Aug 22). Al-Sham is an archaic word for a vaguely defined territory that includes what is now Syria, Lebanon, Israel, the Palestinian territories and Jordan. In 2013 the leader of the Islamic State of Iraq, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, renamed it the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, signaling its emergence as a transnational force while sowing the first seeds of confusion over what to call it. That began to change when the group expanded into neighboring Syria, exploiting the chaos of its civil war. The name never really caught on, however, because the militants were never able to seize and hold significant territory. The group traces its roots back to Al-Qaida in Iraq, which declared an Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) in 2006.
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